Window of Health : Jurnal Kesehatan

Bioactive Composition and Antioxidant Characteristics of Calophyllum inophyllum Seed Flour: Potential Relevance for Functional Food Development

2026-06-22T13:24:55+00:00

Metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia are health challenges, with over one billion people affected by obesity and 589 million adults living with diabetes. This study evaluated the antioxidant activity, anthocyanin content, amino acid profile, proximate composition, and fatty acid (FFA) profile of Calophyllum inophyllum seed flour as a functional food ingredient. Seeds were collected from the Batam Botanical Garden, Indonesia, and processed by freeze-drying. Antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH assay (IC₅₀), anthocyanin content was measured spectrophotometrically, and proximate composition, amino acid profile, and FFA composition were analyzed using standardized methods, including GC-FID. All analyses were performed in triplicate (n = 3), and results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. The flour was predominantly composed of lipids (65.26 ± 0.13%), followed by carbohydrates (21.92 ± 0.10%) and proteins (8.39 ± 0.02%), with low moisture content (2.64 ± 0.03%). The DPPH assay yielded an IC₅₀ value of 13,362.04 ± 1.70 mg/L, indicating limited free radical scavenging activity, while anthocyanins were not detected. The amino acid profile was characterized by high glutamic acid content and the presence of essential amino acids, including leucine, valine, and lysine. The fatty acid profile was dominated by unsaturated fatty acids, particularly oleic and linoleic acids. These findings indicate that Calophyllum inophyllum seed flour contains nutritionally relevant amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids, supporting its potential relevance for functional food development. Further studies are required to characterize additional bioactive compounds and evaluate their biological activities in vivo.

Appraisal of the Immunization Management in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia: A Case Study

2026-06-22T13:44:24+00:00

In 2022, Complete Basic Immunization (CBI) coverage in Yogyakarta City exceeded the provincial target of 95%; however, one health center reported coverage below the city target of 93%, indicating potential challenges in immunization program management. This study aims to evaluate immunization management in Yogyakarta City by assessing input, process, and output components of program implementation. Method: This study employed a qualitative case study approach. Informants were selected using snowball sampling until data saturation was achieved, resulting in six participants from two health centers representing different levels of immunization coverage. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and direct observations, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using content analysis. Result: Two major themes emerged from the findings. First, human resource capacity was identified as a key challenge, particularly limited compliance with immunization training requirements and insufficient workforce readiness to support service delivery. Second, weaknesses in monitoring practices were observed, as immunization coverage monitoring was implemented less frequently than required by regulations. Despite these operational barriers, both health centers achieved the city's immunization coverage target in 2023. Conclusion: High immunization coverage in Yogyakarta City reflects strong program performance; however, sustaining and improving coverage requires strengthening workforce competency and ensuring routine monitoring implementation. These findings suggest that maintaining immunization outcomes in urban settings depends not only on coverage achievement but also on continuous health system capacity development and program oversight.

Implementation of Patient Safety Culture at Hospital X, Semarang City

2026-07-07T13:35:01+00:00

Patient safety incidents remain a persistent challenge in hospital settings, yet evidence on the cultural factors driving them in type C hospitals in Indonesia remains limited. Hospital X in Semarang City recorded 23 patient safety incidents from January to September 2023 (KTD: 2, KTC: 9, KNC: 12), with label dispensing errors, wrong medication, and wrong dosage as the leading causes. Despite the establishment of a Hospital Patient Safety Team (KPRS), no systematic assessment of patient safety culture had previously been conducted, leaving a critical gap in understanding the organizational factors underlying these incidents. This study aimed to determine factors influencing patient safety culture as perceived by nurses at Hospital X. A quantitative cross-sectional design was employed, with 82 inpatient nurses selected via simple random sampling. Data were collected using a validated AHRQ-based questionnaire and analyzed using Chi-square and Fisher's Exact tests. The average positive response to patient safety culture was 81.5%. The highest-scoring dimensions were cooperation within the unit (90.2%), open communication (84.1%), and staffing (84.1%), while cooperation between units (74.4%) and error feedback (76.8%) scored lowest. All 12 dimensions showed significant associations with patient safety culture (p < 0.05). The strongest associations were found in open communication (p = 0.001; OR = 18.9), error feedback (p = 0.001; OR = 27.5), staffing (p = 0.001; OR = 17.1), and patient transition (p = 0.001; OR = 15.2). These findings indicate that inter-unit coordination and structured error feedback are the most critical intervention targets. Hospital management should prioritize implementing a non-punitive incident reporting system, standardized SBAR-based handover protocols, and integrating patient safety competencies into regular clinical supervision to meaningfully reduce preventable incidents.

The Relationship Between Internet Use And Adolescent Sexual Behavior

2026-07-13T15:21:36+00:00

The increasing use of the internet among adolescents may influence risky sexual behavior. This study aimed to determine the relationship between internet use and sexual behavior among 11th-grade students at SMA Negeri 1 Gowa using a quantitative cross-sectional design. A total of 189 respondents were selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using the Chi-square test.

The results showed that 57.7% (109 students) were heavy internet users and 59.3% (112 students) engaged in risky sexual behavior. Among heavy internet users, 71.6% demonstrated risky sexual behavior, compared to 42.5% among light users, indicating a higher likelihood of risky behavior in adolescents with greater internet use. Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between internet use and sexual behavior (p < 0.05), demonstrating a meaningful relationship between the variables. In conclusion, heavy internet use is associated with an increased risk of unsafe sexual behavior among adolescents. These findings highlight the importance of adolescent health programs that strengthen parental supervision, improve digital literacy, and promote responsible internet use to prevent risky sexual behavior.

Analysis of the Effectiveness of Annual Free Health Screening Programs on Reducing the Risk of Occupational Diseases in Urban Areas of Indonesia

2026-07-14T02:47:04+00:00

Occupational diseases remain a significant health issue in the industrial sector. According to the ILO, approximately 2.6 million deaths each year are caused by work-related diseases and accidents. Early detection and intervention through worker health screening are strategic steps to reduce the incidence of occupational diseases. However, the factors influencing the success of reducing occupational diseases remain under-researched. This study aims to identify factors associated with occupational diseases among workers using an analytical cross-sectional design. Data were collected from 258 industrial workers in Karawang Regency using a stratified random sampling method, and analyses were conducted using the chi-square test and logistic regression. A lower risk of occupational diseases was observed among respondents who participated in screening (OR=1.964; p=0.015), received quality screening services (OR=3.810; p=0.000), received early detection (OR=12.143; p=0.000), showed positive behavioral changes (OR=4.958; p=0.000), worked in large companies (OR=4.307; p=0.000), had good OSH knowledge (OR=1.892; p=0.014), and did not smoke (OR=4.558; p=0.000). The variables of screening follow-up (p=1.000) and OSH compliance (p=0.691) did not show a significant relationship. Increasing the implementation of occupational health screening could support efforts to prevent occupational diseases. This study provides an empirical basis for occupational health programs by emphasizing the importance of early detection, promoting healthy behavior, and preventing smoking as the main strategies.

Mapping Dengue Vulnerability in West Java, Indonesia, 2019-2023

2026-07-17T14:19:17+00:00

Data shows that half of adults with hypertension are unaware that they have the disease, and only 21% adults with hypertension make efforts to control their blood pressure, including awareness of the disease itself, its symptoms, the need for treatment/medication, and the negative effects of the disease. Self-awareness of hypertension is necessary as an effort to control hypertension in order to avoid complications. This study aims to identify the self-awareness of adults with hypertension in the coastal area of Tarakan City. This study is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. The population in this study was all patients diagnosed with hypertension in Tarakan City. The sample size was 287 respondents, obtained using purposive sampling. Frequency descriptive analysis is used to analyze data. Based on the category of self-awareness of hypertension using BASIS, the majority of respondents had good awareness as shown in each category, namely 218 (76%) respondents in the category of awareness related to the disease, 248 (86.4%) respondents in the category of awareness related to symptom attributes, 270 (94.1%) respondents in the awareness category related to the need for treatment/medication, and 170 (59.2%) respondents in the awareness category related to negative impacts, as well as 250 (87%) in the total average self-awareness of hypertension. Therefore, it can be concluded that adults with hypertension in the coastal area of Tarakan City are aware of their hypertension. It is hoped that efforts to control hypertension under the supervision of doctors and other health workers will be maintained by increasing screening coverage and public awareness of hypertension through promotive, preventive, curative, and rehabilitative efforts

Hypertension Self-Awareness Among Adult Individuals: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study

2026-07-17T14:44:51+00:00

Comparative Visual Acuity in Indonesian Myopic Students: Spectacles Versus Contact Lenses

2026-07-24T03:49:22+00:00

Myopia, a leading cause of correctable visual impairment worldwide, is primarily managed with spectacles and contact lenses. In West Java, Indonesia, refractive error affects up to 18.4% of junior high school students, with myopia accounting for 94.4% of cases. Despite the widespread use of both correction modalities, direct comparisons of their visual acuity outcomes in adolescents, particularly in developing countries, remain limited. This study compared best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) achieved with habitual spectacles and soft contact lenses among myopic Indonesian adolescents using an aggregated subject-level analytical approach.

A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at a public vocational school in Tasikmalaya, West Java. Thirty-four myopic students (33 females, 1 male; aged 16–18 years) who regularly used both spectacles and soft contact lenses were recruited through purposive sampling. Monocular visual acuity was measured with a Snellen chart at six meters under standardized indoor illumination. To avoid inter-eye correlation, monocular Snellen fractions were converted to a linear scale, averaged for each participant, and transformed into logMAR values for subject-level paired analysis using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Half of the participants (50.0%, n=17) demonstrated identical visual acuity with both correction modalities. Among those with discordant outcomes, significantly more participants achieved better visual acuity with soft contact lenses (35.3%, n=12) than with spectacles (8.8%, n=3). Mean logMAR values were significantly better with contact lenses than spectacles (0.10±0.12 vs. 0.15±0.13; p=0.024).

Soft contact lenses provided superior distance visual acuity compared with spectacles in adolescents, showing discordant outcomes. This finding is consistent with optical theory: eliminating the vertex distance reduces retinal image minification and improves focal precision. The small subgroup performing better with spectacles may reflect individual ocular surface characteristics or tear film instability affecting contact lens performance. These findings emphasize the importance of accurate refraction, routine prescription verification, and professional contact lens fitting to optimize visual outcomes in adolescent myopic patients.

Comparative Analysis of Maternal Neutrophils, Age, and Parity in PROM and Prolonged Labor

2026-07-24T04:34:43+00:00

Premature Rupture of Membranes (PROM) and prolonged labor remain significant obstetric problems associated with maternal inflammatory responses and adverse perinatal outcomes. Differences in neutrophil activation between these two conditions may reflect distinct inflammatory mechanisms. This study aimed to compare maternal neutrophil levels, age, and parity in PROM and prolonged labor cases. A comparative analytic design with a cross-sectional approach was conducted at RSIA Sitti Khadijah 1 Makassar involving 50 postpartum women who met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected through structured interviews and hematological examination of maternal blood samples. The results show that maternal neutrophil levels differed significantly between PROM and prolonged labor groups. The mean neutrophil level was higher in prolonged labor (82.44 ± 7.008 mg/L) than in PROM (75.10 ± 9.525 mg/L), with a significant p-value of 0.004. Abnormal neutrophil levels were predominantly observed in prolonged labor across all age and parity categories, especially among primiparous women. In contrast, PROM cases showed more varied neutrophil patterns, with a greater proportion of normal values in multipara. These findings suggest that prolonged labor is more strongly associated with heightened maternal inflammatory responses. Maternal neutrophil levels may serve as a practical clinical indicator to distinguish inflammatory status and support early risk assessment in obstetric management.

The RUTF Biscuit Made From Mung Bean Flour and Anchovy Flour for Stunting Toddlers

2026-07-24T08:13:42+00:00

Stunting remains a significant malnutrition issue in Indonesia. According to the 2022 Indonesian Nutrition Status Survey (SSGI), the prevalence of stunting among toddlers in Central Java is 20.8%, while in Semarang City it is 10.4%. Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food (RUTF) is an energy-dense, micronutrient-rich product given to toddlers with uncomplicated wasting. Wasting children are three times more likely to become stunted compared to well-nourished children, and stunted children have a 1.5 times greater risk of becoming wasted. The use of RUTF for stunted children has not been extensively studied, particularly regarding formulations that use affordable, nutritious local ingredients. This study aims to develop an RUTF biscuit formulation from mung beans and anchovy flour that is acceptable to toddlers, with appropriate nutritional values and recommended serving sizes. This quantitative experimental study employed a Completely Randomized Design. The objects studied were three treatment groups of RUTF biscuits using mung bean and anchovy flour as substitutes for wheat flour: F2 with 12%, F3 and F4 with 15%, and F1 as a control. Formulation 2, with 10% mung bean and 2% anchovy flour substitution, was the most preferred by panelists, providing energy of 525.60 kcal, fat 25.86 g/100g, carbohydrates 54.73 g/100g, calcium 398.20 mg/100g, and phosphorus 375.63 mg/100g, and passed microbiological contamination tests. However, protein, vitamin C, zinc, and iron levels did not meet the general RUTF and biscuit RUTF standards. With a serving size of 30-40 grams (equivalent to 3-4 pieces), this RUTF biscuit has potential as a locally based supplementary food alternative to support toddler nutritional needs, especially for prevention and recovery from nutritional problems.