Window of Health : Jurnal Kesehatan

Bioactive Composition and Antioxidant Characteristics of Calophyllum inophyllum Seed Flour: Potential Relevance for Functional Food Development

Azizul Berlyansah — 2026-06-22

Metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia are health challenges, with over one billion people affected by obesity and 589 million adults living with diabetes. This study evaluated the antioxidant activity, anthocyanin content, amino acid profile, proximate composition, and fatty acid (FFA) profile of Calophyllum inophyllum seed flour as a functional food ingredient. Seeds were collected from the Batam Botanical Garden, Indonesia, and processed by freeze-drying. Antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH assay (IC₅₀), anthocyanin content was measured spectrophotometrically, and proximate composition, amino acid profile, and FFA composition were analyzed using standardized methods, including GC-FID. All analyses were performed in triplicate (n = 3), and results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. The flour was predominantly composed of lipids (65.26 ± 0.13%), followed by carbohydrates (21.92 ± 0.10%) and proteins (8.39 ± 0.02%), with low moisture content (2.64 ± 0.03%). The DPPH assay yielded an IC₅₀ value of 13,362.04 ± 1.70 mg/L, indicating limited free radical scavenging activity, while anthocyanins were not detected. The amino acid profile was characterized by high glutamic acid content and the presence of essential amino acids, including leucine, valine, and lysine. The fatty acid profile was dominated by unsaturated fatty acids, particularly oleic and linoleic acids. These findings indicate that Calophyllum inophyllum seed flour contains nutritionally relevant amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids, supporting its potential relevance for functional food development. Further studies are required to characterize additional bioactive compounds and evaluate their biological activities in vivo.

Appraisal of the Immunization Management in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia: A Case Study

Sulistyawati Sulistyawati — 2026-06-22

In 2022, Complete Basic Immunization (CBI) coverage in Yogyakarta City exceeded the provincial target of 95%; however, one health center reported coverage below the city target of 93%, indicating potential challenges in immunization program management. This study aims to evaluate immunization management in Yogyakarta City by assessing input, process, and output components of program implementation. Method: This study employed a qualitative case study approach. Informants were selected using snowball sampling until data saturation was achieved, resulting in six participants from two health centers representing different levels of immunization coverage. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and direct observations, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using content analysis. Result: Two major themes emerged from the findings. First, human resource capacity was identified as a key challenge, particularly limited compliance with immunization training requirements and insufficient workforce readiness to support service delivery. Second, weaknesses in monitoring practices were observed, as immunization coverage monitoring was implemented less frequently than required by regulations. Despite these operational barriers, both health centers achieved the city's immunization coverage target in 2023. Conclusion: High immunization coverage in Yogyakarta City reflects strong program performance; however, sustaining and improving coverage requires strengthening workforce competency and ensuring routine monitoring implementation. These findings suggest that maintaining immunization outcomes in urban settings depends not only on coverage achievement but also on continuous health system capacity development and program oversight.

Implementation of Patient Safety Culture at Hospital X, Semarang City

Muhammad Iqbal — 2026-07-07

Patient safety incidents remain a persistent challenge in hospital settings, yet evidence on the cultural factors driving them in type C hospitals in Indonesia remains limited. Hospital X in Semarang City recorded 23 patient safety incidents from January to September 2023 (KTD: 2, KTC: 9, KNC: 12), with label dispensing errors, wrong medication, and wrong dosage as the leading causes. Despite the establishment of a Hospital Patient Safety Team (KPRS), no systematic assessment of patient safety culture had previously been conducted, leaving a critical gap in understanding the organizational factors underlying these incidents. This study aimed to determine factors influencing patient safety culture as perceived by nurses at Hospital X. A quantitative cross-sectional design was employed, with 82 inpatient nurses selected via simple random sampling. Data were collected using a validated AHRQ-based questionnaire and analyzed using Chi-square and Fisher's Exact tests. The average positive response to patient safety culture was 81.5%. The highest-scoring dimensions were cooperation within the unit (90.2%), open communication (84.1%), and staffing (84.1%), while cooperation between units (74.4%) and error feedback (76.8%) scored lowest. All 12 dimensions showed significant associations with patient safety culture (p < 0.05). The strongest associations were found in open communication (p = 0.001; OR = 18.9), error feedback (p = 0.001; OR = 27.5), staffing (p = 0.001; OR = 17.1), and patient transition (p = 0.001; OR = 15.2). These findings indicate that inter-unit coordination and structured error feedback are the most critical intervention targets. Hospital management should prioritize implementing a non-punitive incident reporting system, standardized SBAR-based handover protocols, and integrating patient safety competencies into regular clinical supervision to meaningfully reduce preventable incidents.

The Relationship Between Internet Use And Adolescent Sexual Behavior

Muthahharah — 2026-07-13

The increasing use of the internet among adolescents may influence risky sexual behavior. This study aimed to determine the relationship between internet use and sexual behavior among 11th-grade students at SMA Negeri 1 Gowa using a quantitative cross-sectional design. A total of 189 respondents were selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using the Chi-square test.

The results showed that 57.7% (109 students) were heavy internet users and 59.3% (112 students) engaged in risky sexual behavior. Among heavy internet users, 71.6% demonstrated risky sexual behavior, compared to 42.5% among light users, indicating a higher likelihood of risky behavior in adolescents with greater internet use. Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between internet use and sexual behavior (p < 0.05), demonstrating a meaningful relationship between the variables. In conclusion, heavy internet use is associated with an increased risk of unsafe sexual behavior among adolescents. These findings highlight the importance of adolescent health programs that strengthen parental supervision, improve digital literacy, and promote responsible internet use to prevent risky sexual behavior.

Analysis of the Effectiveness of Annual Free Health Screening Programs on Reducing the Risk of Occupational Diseases in Urban Areas of Indonesia

Iin Ira Kartika — 2026-07-14

Occupational diseases remain a significant health issue in the industrial sector. According to the ILO, approximately 2.6 million deaths each year are caused by work-related diseases and accidents. Early detection and intervention through worker health screening are strategic steps to reduce the incidence of occupational diseases. However, the factors influencing the success of reducing occupational diseases remain under-researched. This study aims to identify factors associated with occupational diseases among workers using an analytical cross-sectional design. Data were collected from 258 industrial workers in Karawang Regency using a stratified random sampling method, and analyses were conducted using the chi-square test and logistic regression. A lower risk of occupational diseases was observed among respondents who participated in screening (OR=1.964; p=0.015), received quality screening services (OR=3.810; p=0.000), received early detection (OR=12.143; p=0.000), showed positive behavioral changes (OR=4.958; p=0.000), worked in large companies (OR=4.307; p=0.000), had good OSH knowledge (OR=1.892; p=0.014), and did not smoke (OR=4.558; p=0.000). The variables of screening follow-up (p=1.000) and OSH compliance (p=0.691) did not show a significant relationship. Increasing the implementation of occupational health screening could support efforts to prevent occupational diseases. This study provides an empirical basis for occupational health programs by emphasizing the importance of early detection, promoting healthy behavior, and preventing smoking as the main strategies.