Window of Health : Jurnal Kesehatan

Relationship Between Family Support and Colorectal Cancer Patients' Motivation for Undergoing Chemotherapy

Dedi Irawandi — 2026-04-21

Globally, colorectal cancer is one of the most highly prevalent cancers according to the World Health Organization, with the majority of patients undergoing chemotherapy. Various studies show that more than 70% of patients experience significant physiological impacts such as fatigue, nausea, and disruption of daily activities, while approximately 30% experience psychological disorders such as anxiety and depression. Furthermore, more than 60% of patients require family support during treatment. This demonstrates that the impact of chemotherapy is multidimensional, encompassing physical, psychological, and social aspects, necessitating a comprehensive care approach that includes family involvement. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between family support and motivation of colorectal cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. The study design used an observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The study population comprised all 55 colorectal cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in the Rosella 2 Room at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya. A sample of 48 people was taken using the Simple Random Sampling technique. Data analysis used the Spearman Rho correlation test. The results showed that of the 48 respondents, 43 had high family support and 42 had strong motivation. Bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between family support and patient motivation to undergo chemotherapy. The results of the Spearman Rho test showed a rho value of 0.902 and a significance value of P = 0.000 (< 0.05). The active role of nurses in providing education to families and patients is very important in providing information related to chemotherapy. So that it can provide a sense of security, comfort, and trust in nurses. Thus, patients have strong motivation, high life expectancy, and increased family enthusiasm in accompanying the treatment process.

Differences in Nutritional Intake and Upper Arm Circumference (UAC) Between Anemic and Normal Pregnant Women

Erlinawati Lubis — 2026-04-21

Anemia is an indirect cause of maternal mortality, with a 27.7% prevalence among pregnant women in Indonesia, including rising cases in Riau and Kampar. It increases the risk of hemorrhage, low birth weight, preterm birth, stunting, and maternal and infant mortality, influenced by inadequate nutrition and low mid-upper arm circumference. The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in nutritional intake and upper arm circumference (UAC) between pregnant women with anemia and pregnant women without anemia. The method in this research is a comparative, observational, analytical study of two unpaired groups with a cross-sectional design. The population consisted of pregnant women with anemia and normal pregnant women in the working area of the Salo Community Health Center, Kampar District, totaling 74 samples (37 per group). The study was conducted in August-September 2025. The data collection tools used were a UAC tape, an SQ-FFQ for nutritional intake, and a digital hemoglobinometer to measure anemia. Bivariate analysis was performed using an independent samples t-test. The results show that pregnant women with anemia had lower nutritional intake scores and smaller mean UAC compared to non-anemic pregnant women. Statistical analysis confirmed significant differences between the two groups in nutritional intake (p = 0.012) and UAC (p = 0.028), with both p-values below the significance level of α 0.05. Pregnant women with anemia have lower nutritional intake and UAC, highlighting the need to improve maternal nutrition and use UAC monitoring for early anemia screening.

Determinants of Digital Eye Strain Among Office Workers: Individual, Device-Related, and Environmental Factors

Nabilah Nur Hasanah — 2026-04-22

Frequent use of digital devices among office workers contributes to a high risk of Digital Eye Strain (DES), with a reported prevalence of 69.0%, which can adversely affect visual performance, sleep quality, and work productivity. This study aimed to analyze the association between individual, device-related, and environmental factors with DES among office workers using a cross-sectional design involving 66 respondents. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and Mann–Whitney tests. The prevalence of DES was 69.7%, with common symptoms including itchy eyes, eye discomfort, and light sensitivity. Key individual factors significantly associated with DES were unsafe digital device use behavior (OR = 11.25; 95% CI: 1.169–30.280), lack of 20-20-20 rest practice (OR = 10.00; 95% CI: 2.895–30.542), and refractive error (OR = 8.20; 95% CI: 2.287–23.399). Among device-related factors, improper computer screen position (OR = 4.263; 95% CI: 1.323–13.736) was identified as a significant predictor. Environmental factors such as inadequate lighting (OR = 5.455; 95% CI: 1.595–18.657) also showed a strong association with DES. In conclusion, DES among office workers is predominantly influenced by behavioral factors, particularly unsafe digital device use and inadequate eye rest practices, which demonstrated the strongest associations. Preventive strategies should prioritize behavioral interventions, ergonomic improvements, and optimization of workplace environmental conditions.

Health Promotion Using Counseling Cards to Increase Perceived Benefit, Perceived Barrier, and Self-Efficacy for Congenital Hypothyroid Screening

Dede Gantini — 2026-04-23

Congenital hypothyroid screening coverage in Indonesia remains low (2.3%), partly due to limited effective health promotion and inadequate use of educational media, leading to low maternal participation. Strengthening health promotion through appropriate media and optimizing the role of health cadres are essential to improving mothers’ perceived benefits, reducing perceived barriers, and enhancing self-efficacy for screening. This study aimed to analyze the effect of education delivered through counseling cards by health cadres on mothers' perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and self-efficacy in conducting congenital hypothyroid screening. A quasi-experimental pre–post test design was conducted in Tasikmalaya City, involving 41 third-trimester pregnant women selected via quota sampling from 20 primary health center service areas. Trained cadres provided education using counseling cards. Data were collected before and after the intervention using validated questionnaires measuring perceived benefit, perceived barrier, and self-efficacy. Data analysis showed significant improvements in all variables after the intervention (p < 0.05). In conclusion, counseling card–based education is effective in improving mothers’ perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and self-efficacy toward congenital hypothyroid screening. It is recommended that this approach be integrated into routine maternal health promotion and scaled up through community health cadres to enhance screening uptake and support early detection at the population level.

The The Effect of Calcium Alginate Primary Dressing on Diabetic Ulcer Healing in Proliferative Phase

Husni dua Belas — 2026-04-24

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a global health issue, with diabetic ulcers being a common complication and a high mortality rate. In 2021, around 576 million people worldwide had DM, and this number is projected to reach 643 million by 2030 and 787 million by 2045. The healing process of these ulcers is accelerated in a moist environment and with the use of appropriate primary dressings, such as Calcium Alginate. Objective: The aim is to determine the effect of Calcium Alginate primary dressing on the acceleration of diabetic ulcer healing during the proliferative phase. Methods: This research uses a quantitative study design with a quasi-experimental approach with a control group, employing a pre-test and post-test design. Respondents were divided into two groups: the intervention group and the control group. The intervention group received treatment with calcium alginate, while the control group received treatment with zinc cream. The sample was selected using the consecutive sampling technique. Results: The results of the research indicate a significant difference in the average rate of diabetic ulcer healing between the intervention and control groups. Conclusions: The statistical test was performed using an independent sample T-Test, resulting in a p-value of 0.000 (p ≤ α 0.05), indicating a significant effect of the Calcium Alginate primary dressing on the acceleration of diabetic ulcer healing during the proliferative phase, thus supporting its use in enhancing the healing process of diabetic ulcers in this phase.

Analysis Analysis of Factors Influencing Student Anxiety in Facing the OSCE Exam: A Study on Diploma Among Nursing Students at STIKES Kamus Arunika

Hairuddin Safaat — 2026-04-25

Anxiety in facing the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) remains a significant challenge for nursing students. Recent studies show that anxiety among nursing students facing the OSCE is high. The report shows that 75.5% of students experienced moderate anxiety when facing the OSCE. This study aimed to analyze the influence of self-efficacy, academic readiness, academic motivation, and social support on students’ anxiety. A cross-sectional correlational design was used, involving 94 Diploma in Nursing students at STIKES Kamus Arunika. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression. The results showed that anxiety levels were categorized as moderate in 62 students (66.0%), high in 27 students (28.7%), and low in 5 students (5.3%). All independent variables were significantly negatively correlated with anxiety, with self-efficacy showing the strongest relationship (r = -0.345, p < 0.01). Regression analysis revealed that self-efficacy (β = -0.312; p = 0.001), academic readiness (β = -0.224; p = 0.024), academic motivation (β = -0.215; p = 0.032), and social support (β = -0.162; p = 0.045) were significant predictors, explaining 37.4% of the variance in anxiety (R² = 0.374). These findings highlight the integrated role of psychological, academic, and social factors in shaping student anxiety, with self-efficacy as the most influential determinant. This study contributes an integrative perspective and suggests that targeted interventions, including self-efficacy enhancement, structured OSCE preparation, and supportive learning environments, are essential to reducing anxiety and improving student performance.

Study of The Implementation of Minimum Service Standards for Maternal Health Services in Magelang City

Sri Suwitri — 2026-04-26

Maternal health services are an essential component of public health systems and play a significant role in reducing maternal mortality. The implementation of Minimum Service Standards (MSS) is one of the government’s strategies to ensure the quality and accessibility of maternal health services at the regional level. This study aims to analyze the implementation of Minimum Service Standards for maternal health services in Magelang City. This research employed a qualitative approach with a socio-legal perspective. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, focus group discussions, and literature review involving stakeholders related to maternal health services. The data were analyzed using data reduction, data presentation, and verification through triangulation techniques to ensure validity. The results show that the implementation of MSS for maternal health services in Magelang City generally meets the established indicators, including the availability of health facilities, health personnel, and maternal health service coverage. However, several aspects still require improvement, particularly the quality of services and the continued involvement of traditional birth attendants in the childbirth process. Socioeconomic factors such as poverty, education level, and social inequality also influence the effectiveness of maternal health services. Strengthening community education and improving service quality are necessary to support optimal implementation of MSS. In conclusion, although the implementation of maternal health MSS in Magelang City has largely met the required standards, improvements in service quality and equitable access remain essential to optimize maternal health outcomes.

The Effect of Hypoxic MSC Exosome on IL-10 and SOCS3 Expression

Siti Sundari Sundari — 2026-04-26

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and persistent inflammation. Increased expression of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 (SOCS3) and decreased Interleukin-10 (IL-10) contribute to the progression of inflammation and impaired insulin signaling. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes under hypoxic conditions (EH-MSCs) have shown potential anti-inflammatory effects and may improve inflammatory responses in T2DM. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of hypoxic mesenchymal stem cell exosomes (EH-MSCs) on IL-10 and SOCS3 expression in Wistar rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: This was an in vivo experimental study using a randomized post-test only control group design. Twenty-eight Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n=7 each): negative control (K1), positive control (K2), treatment with intravenous injection of EH-MSCs 250 µL (K3), and treatment with intravenous injection of EH-MSCs 500 µL (K4). IL-10 and SOCS3 expression levels were measured using qRT-PCR on day 30. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA followed by Post Hoc LSD test with a significance level of p<0.05. Results: The mean IL-10 expression was highest in K3 (1.99 ± 0.39), followed by K4 (1.47 ± 0.49), K2 (1.37 ± 0.54), and K1 (1.12 ± 0.31), with a statistically significant difference among groups (p = 0.009). Meanwhile, the mean SOCS3 expression was highest in K1 (1.09 ± 0.41) and lowest in K3 (0.56 ± 0.11), with significant differences among groups (p = 0.018). These findings indicate that EH-MSC administration increased IL-10 expression and decreased SOCS3 expression, particularly at the 250 µL dose. Conclusion: Hypoxic mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes significantly increased IL-10 expression and decreased SOCS3 expression in T2DM model rats, with the 250 µL dose showing the most effective anti-inflammatory response. EH-MSCs have potential as a therapeutic strategy for reducing inflammation in T2DM.

The Effect of Red Ginger Decoction And Honey On Blood Pressure Among The Elderly With Hypertension

Janno Sinaga — 2026-04-29

Hypertension remains a major public health problem among older adults. In 2025, according to data from the WHO, 1.28 billion people aged 30–79 years will experience an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Complementary herbal therapy has been increasingly used as a non-pharmacological approach to blood pressure control. To determine the effect of red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) and honey decoction combination therapy on blood pressure reduction among elderly patients with hypertension at Tinada Primary Health Center. This study employed a quasi-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design. A total of 32 elderly individuals with hypertension grade 1–2 participated as the sample, selected using purposive sampling from 105 registered hypertensives. Respondents received 250 ml of red ginger decoction (100 g boiled in 500 ml water until 250 ml remained) mixed with 15 ml pure honey once daily for 7 consecutive days. Blood pressure was measured before and after intervention using a calibrated digital sphygmomanometer. Data were analyzed using a paired t-test with a significance level of p<0.05. The mean systolic blood pressure decreased from 180.90 ± 12.51 mmHg to 160.10 ± 12.82 mmHg, while the mean diastolic pressure decreased from 94.50 ± 7.75 mmHg to 86.30 ± 5.56 mmHg. Statistical analysis showed a significant reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.000). The combination of red ginger decoction and honey is related to a decline in blood pressure among elderly hypertensive patients and may serve as a complementary therapy in hypertension management.

Analysis of Latrine Conditions, Clean Water Facilities, and Personal Hygiene on Diarrhea Incidence in Children Aged 24–59 Months

Seri Asnawati Munthe — 2026-04-30

Diarrheal disease remains a critical public health concern in Indonesia, particularly among children under five, where it ranks as a leading cause of morbidity. This study investigates the persistently high diarrhea prevalence among children aged 24–59 months in Paluh Sibaji Village, Pantai Labu District. Indonesia's SKI 2023 reported a national prevalence of 7.4% in under-fives, peaking at 11.5% among the 1–4 age group. Focusing on this coastal community, the study uniquely examines the combined influence of environmental conditions and personal hygiene behaviors. Data were collected from 70 children aged 24–59 months and their mothers, randomly selected from 232 households. The researcher wanted to see if things like the condition of their toilets, access to clean water, and their hygiene practices were linked to whether or not the children had diarrhea. The result showed that over 30% of the children had experienced diarrhea. The analysis revealed strong associations between the condition of toilets, access to clean water, personal hygiene, and the occurrence of diarrhea. While the numbers suggest a strong link, other factors the researcher did not measure or potential biases in how the data were collected could be influencing these results. Personal hygiene seemed to have the strongest connection to diarrhea. In conclusion, the study emphasizes that a combination of sanitation issues and hygiene habits is significantly linked to diarrhea in this coastal community. Future studies that follow children over time could help us better understand the causes of diarrhea and rule out other contributing factors.

An Integrated Analysis of Perceived Stress, Relaxation Behaviors, and Musculoskeletal Symptoms Among Undergraduate Health Science Students

Risa Kusuma Anggraeni — 2026-05-01

Undergraduate health science students are exposed to academic demands, prolonged screen use, and sustained static posture, which may contribute to both perceived stress and neck–shoulder musculoskeletal symptoms. Previous student-based studies have reported that approximately one-third of university students experience moderate to high stress, while musculoskeletal discomfort, particularly in the neck and shoulder regions, affects around 40–60% of students. This study aimed to examine the associations among perceived stress, stretching and relaxation behavior, static posture duration, and neck–shoulder musculoskeletal symptoms among undergraduate health science students. This observational analytic study used a cross-sectional design involving 100 undergraduate health science students at Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jakarta. Participants completed the Perceived Stress Scale, a stretching and relaxation behavior questionnaire, and the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression. The mean age of respondents was 20.8 ± 1.2 years, and 76% were female. Neck pain and shoulder pain in the past 12 months were reported by 68% and 65% of students, respectively. Static posture for 4–8 hours per day was reported by 51% of respondents. Perceived stress was categorized as mild in 43%, moderate in 21%, and high in 36% of students. Perceived stress was negatively correlated with stretching frequency (r = -0.38, p < 0.001), and positively correlated with static posture duration (r = 0.31, p = 0.002) and neck–shoulder pain (r = 0.41, p < 0.001). Regression analysis showed that stretching frequency, static posture duration, and neck–shoulder pain were significantly associated with perceived stress and explained 43% of its variance. Perceived stress among undergraduate health science students is associated with modifiable physical and behavioral factors, particularly static posture, neck–shoulder symptoms, and stretching or relaxation behavior. Campus wellness programs should integrate posture education, scheduled movement breaks, stretching routines, and relaxation practices to support both physical comfort and psychological well-being.

Anti-hyperuricemia Activity of Ethanol Extract of Bajakah Stem (Spatholobus litoralis Haask) on In Vivo Model: Analysis of Uric Acid and Cyclooxygenase-2 Levels

Muhammad Ilyas Y. — 2026-05-02

Investigation of bajakah (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk), a typical plant of the island of Borneo, as an anti-hyperuricemia and anti-inflammatory agent through the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition pathway is important to reveal. This is supported by previous research indicating that bajakah has strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, with a higher flavonoid content. Evidence-based studies were conducted to determine whether the bajakah stem extract can reduce uric acid levels and inhibit COX-2 as an anti-hyperuricemia therapy. This study was conducted in vivo on mice with a hyperuricemia model induced by potassium oxonate. The treatment consisted of a normal control group, a negative control (Na-CMC, 0.5%), a positive control (allopurinol), and a dose-variation group of Bajakah stem ethanol extract at 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg BW. Uric acid levels were determined at hours 1, 2, and 3 by lateral chromatography and COX-2 levels by the sandwich ELISA method. The study results showed that bajakah stem ethanol extract in the 300 mg/kg body weight dose group was effective in reducing uric acid levels at the 3rd hour from 3.60 ± 0.25 mg/dL to 2.33 ± 0.35 mg/dL, with the greatest reduction of 0.33 ± 0.06 mg/dL, equivalent to 92%, and reduced COX-2 levels by 1.14 ± 0.02 ng/mL, which was significantly different from the negative control (p<0.05), and there was a positive correlation between the reduction in uric acid levels and COX-2 inhibition in hyperuricemic animal models. The conclusion of this study is that administration of bajakah wood can increase uric acid levels while simultaneously inhibiting inflammation, making it a potential candidate for development as an antihyperuricemic and anti-inflammatory drug.

Work-Life Balance of Nurses in Supporting Their Children's Survival Efforts Towards Normal Nutritional Status in Makassar

Nurbaeti — 2026-05-02

High workload and dual roles among nurses are associated with reduced Work-Life Balance (WLB), which may negatively affect child survival efforts. Evidence shows that WLB among nurses is generally low to unbalanced, with a prevalence of up to 94.5%, largely influenced by high workloads and excessive working hours (>50 hours/week), and with only a small proportion achieving optimal balance. Therefore, this study aims to examine the relationship between Work Life Balance (WLB) and child survival efforts among nurses (mothers) with children aged 0-12 years, considering work stress, welfare, and family support as key determinants. This study employed an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach involving nurses as respondents selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using the Spearman correlation test. The results showed that workload was negatively correlated with child Workload Survival Efforts (r = -0.541; p < 0.001) and was the strongest factor associated with reduced WLB. Work stress was negatively associated with WLB (r =-0.365, p = 0.002). In contrast, welfare (r = 0.587; p < 0.001) and family support (r = 0.518; p < 0.001) were positively correlated with child-survival efforts. In conclusion, high workload and work stress reduce WLB, while welfare and family support improve child survival efforts. These findings highlight the importance of institutional strategies, such as workload management, improved welfare policies, and strengthened family support systems, to enhance both nurses’ well-being and child health outcomes.