Spatial Analysis of Microplastics Using the FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared) Method in Green Mussel Farmers' Feces
Keywords:
Microplastics (MPs): human feces: FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared)
Abstract
Mismanagement and waste recycling are still being carried out by many countries, especially Asian countries. Indonesia's plastic waste management is the second highest globally, amounting to 3.22 million metric plastic waste/year. The same data source also estimates that every year Indonesia dumps as much as 0.48 - 1.29 million metric plastic waste into the sea, which is also the second highest in the world. This type of research is an observational research design with a descriptive approach. The sample in this study was ten people. The location of this research is the coast of Barombong, Makassar City. Data were obtained by identifying MPs in feces in the laboratory and identifying the type of polymer using FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared). The results of the study showed that all positive samples contained microplastics. The types of MPs found were line and fragment forms, with different size and color variations. The types of polymers found in this study are Polypropylene(PP), Ethylene/Propylene Copolymer, Polyethylene(PE), Ethylene/Propylene Copolymer, High-Density Polyethylene(HDPE), Polyester Film, Polypropylene, Isotactic DuraSamplIR-II, High-Density Polyethylene(HDPE) ), Polyester Film(TOYOBO), and Tencel(LENZING Corporation). The conclusion is that the abundance of microplastics found in feces is 0.61 items/gram in the form of Fragments and Line/Fiber. The identified colors are red, transparent, blue, and black. The sizes of the microplastics found were >1 mm and 1.00-4.75 m. From the results of this study, it is recommended to reduce the use of microplastics for various activities and replace them with non-plastic or organic materials
References
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2. Syachbudi, R.R. Identifikasi Keberadaan dan Bentuk Mikroplastik pada Air dan Ikan di Sungai Code, D.I Yogyakarta.2020
3 . Syamsiro, M., Cheng, S., Hu, W., Saptoadi, H., Pratama, N. N., Trisunaryanti, W., Yoshikawa, K. 2013. Fuel Oil Production from Municipal Plastic Wastes in Sequential Pyrolysis and Catalytic Reforming Reactors.
4 Tarr, M.A.. Chemical Degradation Methods for Wastes and Pollutants: Environmental and Industrial Applications (Environmental Science & Pollution). Amerika Serikat: 2014. CRC Press.
5. Sri, D. W. N & Brotoningsih, P.L.Pengaruh Nano-Precipitated Calcium Carbonate Terhadap Kualitas Komposit Polivinil Klorida. 2012. Jurnal Riset Industri. VI(2).
6. Safrudin, A.L., Junaidi, A., Yunus, M. 2021. Studifisis dan Mekanis serta Penyusutan Plastik Polypropylene dipadukan dengan Plastik Polyethylene. Machinery Jurnal Teknologi Terapan. 2(1).
7. Sarasita, D., Yunanto, A., dan Yona, D. 2019. Kandungan Mikroplastik pada Empat Jenis Ikan Ekonomis Penting di Perairan Selat Bali. Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia. 20(1).
8. Vendel, A. L., Bessa, F., Alves, V. E. N., Amorim, A. L. A., Patricio, J., & Palma, A. R. T. 2017. Widespread Microplastic Ingestion by Fish Assemblages in Tropical Estuaries Subjected to Anthropogenic Pressures. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 117(1–2).
9. Virsek, M. K., Palatinus, A., Koren, S., Peterlin, M., Horvat, P., & Krzan, A. 2016. Protocol for Microplastics Sampling on the Sea Surface and Sample Analysis. Journal of Visualized Experiments: JoVE, 118(1–9).
10. Selomo M, Natsir MF, Birawida AB, Nurhaedah S. Hygiene dan Sanitasi Depot Air Minum Isi Ulang Di Kecamatan Campalagian Kabupaten Polewali Mandar. J Nas Ilmu Kesehat. 2018;1:1-11.
11 Situmorang, T. S., Barus, T. A., Wahyuningsih, H. 2013. Studi Komparasi Jenis Makanan Ikan Keperas (Puntius binotatus) di Sungai Aek Pahu Tombak, Aek Pahu Hutamosu dan Sungai Parbotikan Kecamatan Batang Toru Tapanuli Selatan. Jurnal Perikanan dan Kelautan. 18(2).
12. Muhammad Suharsono, Muhammad Ikhtiar, & Baharuddin, A. (2021). Analisis Spasial Risk Assesment dan Identifikasi Mikroplastik dan Keberadaan Pseudomonas Sebagai Bioremidiasi Di Perairan Kota Makassar. Journal of Aafiyah Health Research (JAHR), 2(1), 69-83. https://doi.org/10.52103/jahr.v2i1.530
13. Hao, S., L. Zhu, T. Wang, D. Li. 2014. Suspended Microplastic in The Surface Water of The Yangtze Estuary System, China: First Observations on Occurrence, Distribution. Marine Pollution Bulletin 86: 562-568.
14. Wahyudi, J., Hermain, T.P., Arieyanti, D. A. Pemanfaatan Limbah Plastik Sebagai Bahan Baku Pembuatan Bahan Bakar Alternatif. 2018. Jurnal Litbang. XIV(1).
15. Warsidah. Identifikasi dan Kepadatan Mikroplastik pada Sedimen di Mempawah Mangrove Park (MMP) Kabupaten Mempawah, Kalimantan Barat. 2022, Jurnal Laut Khatulistiwa. 2(3).
16. So, W. K., Chan, K., and Not, C. 2018. Abundance of Plastic Microbeads in Hong Kong Coastal Water. Mar Pol. Bull. 133:500-505.
17. Liebmann, B. 2019. Detection of Various Microplastics in Human Stool:A Prospective Case Series. Annals of Internal Medicine. 171(7).
18 Wahdani, A., K. Yaqin., N. Rukminasari., Suwarni., Nadiarti., D. F. Inaku dan L. Fahrudin. 2019. Konsentrasi Mikroplastik pada Kerang Manila venerupis philippinarum di Perairan Maccini Baji, Kecamatan Lakkabang, Kabupaten Pengkajen Kepulauan, Sulawesi Selatan. Maspari Journal. 12(2).
19. Spektrima, T. Pemanfaatan Limbah Plastik Polietilena Tereftalat (PET) Sebagai Matrik Komposit dengan Bahan Penguat Kaca Serat. 2013. Departemen Kimia Fakultas Matematika Dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan.
20. Haryanti, R., A. Fahrudin, dan H.A. Susanto. 2019. Kajian kesesuaian lahan budidaya kerang hijau di perairan laut utara Jawa, Desa Ketapang Kabupaten Tangerang Provinsi Banten. Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health. 8 (3) : 184 – 190.
21 Hasmi. Peranan analisis risiko konsumsi kerang berplumbum dalam Manajemen risiko lingkungan pada masyarakat di Teluk Youtefa, 2016, Ejournal Universitas Cendrawasih. 78 – 85.
22. Cauwenberghe, L. Van, & Janssen, C. R. 2014. Microplastics in bivalves Cultured for human consumption. Environmental Pollution, 193, 65–70.
23. Yudhantari, C.I.A.S., I, G. Hendrawan., N, L.P.R. Pusphita. 2019. Kandungan Mikroplastik pada Saluran Ikan Lemuru Protolan (Sardinella lemuru) Hasil Tangkapan di Selat Bali. Journal of Marine Research and Technology. 2(1).
24. Wicaksono, T. T., Budiantoro, C., Sosiati, H. 2019. Karakterisasi Sifat Mekanis dan Sifat Thermal Campuran Daur Ulang Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) dan Polycarbonate (PC). Jurnal Material dan Proses Manufactur. 1(1)Pant ND, Poudyal N, Bhattacharya SK. Bacteriological quality of bottled drinking water versus municipal tap water in Dharan municipality, Nepal. J Health Popul Nutr. 2016;35(1):17. doi:10.1186/s41043-016-0054-0
25. Yuniari, Arum. Sifat Elektrik dan Termal Nanokomposit Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)/Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE). 2022 Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik. 30(2).
26. Hapsari, T., Y.H .Darundiati, dan H.L.Dangiran. 2017. Analisis risiko Kesehatan lingkungan kandungan timbal pada kerang hijau yang dikonsumsi istri nelayan di Tambal Lorok, Semarang. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat. 5 (5) : 891 – 897.
27. Hossen, F., S. Hamdan,. & R. Rahman. 2014. Cadmium and Lead in Blood Cockle (Anadara granosa) from Asajaya, Sarawak, Malaysia. The Scientific World Journal. 4 (1): 5-11.
28. Jaffee, S., Siegel, P., & Andrews, C. Rapid Agricultural Supply Chain Risk Assessment: A Conceptual Framework. 2016 Agriculture and Rural Development, Discussion, 64.
29. Masriadi, Alfina Baharuddin, Samsualam,Metodologi Penelitian (Kesehatan, Kedokteran dan Keperawtan) 2021, Penerbit TIM
30 Zhang W, Zhang S, Wang J, Wang Y, Mu J, Wang P, Lin X, Ma D. 2017. Microplastic Pollution in the Surface Waters of the Bohai Sea, China. Environ Pollut. 231 (541-548).
31. Zhao J, Wen R, Jia T, Yonglian L. Microplastics Pollution in Sediments from Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea, China. Science of The Total Environment. 2019, 640- 641:637-645.
32 Harrison, J. P., Schratzberger, M., Sapp, M., & Osborn, A. M. 2014. Rapid bacterial colonization of low-density polyethylene microplastics in coastal sediment microcosms. BMC Microbiology, 14(1), 1–15.
33. Masriadi, Alfina Baharuddin, Dasar Biokimia Kesehatan Masyarakat, Kedokteran, Kepeawatan Dan Kebidanan , 2023, Penerbit TIM
34. Wen Xiaofeng., Chunyan Dub., Piao Xua., Guangming Zenga., Danlian Huanga, Lingshi Yin., Qide Yin., Liang Hu., Jia Wan., Jinfan Zhang., Shiyang Tan., Rui Deng. 2018. Microplastic pollution in surface sediments of urban water areas in Changsha, China: Abundance, composition, surface textures. Elsevier. Vol 136.
Published
2023-07-25
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Baharuddin A, Asran A, Ikhtiar M, Suhermi. Spatial Analysis of Microplastics Using the FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared) Method in Green Mussel Farmers’ Feces. woh [Internet]. 2023Jul.25 [cited 2024Oct.5];:331-43. Available from: http://103.133.36.92/index.php/woh/article/view/1108
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