Adaptasi Alat Ukur Literasi Gizi untuk Mahasiswa Tahun Pertama
Keywords:
Literasi kesehatan; makanan; label gizi
Abstract
Literasi gizi mengacu pada kapasitas seseorang untuk memperoleh, mengolah, dan memahami informasi dasar dan layanan gizi guna membuat keputusan gizi yang tepat. The Newest Vital Sign (NVS) adalah instrumen berisikan label gizi dengan 6 pertanyaan, disii dalam waktu singkat dan dikembangkan untuk menilai literasi gizi yang relevan dengan keterampilan membaca, memahami, dan berhitung. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengadaptasi alat ukur The Newest Vital Sign (NVS) dan menilai reliabilitas dan validitasnya pada dewasa muda berpendidikan tinggi di Sulawesi Tenggara. Populasi penelitian adalah mahasiswa program sarjana tingkat pertama tahun 2018 di Universitas Halu Oleo Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Metode adaptasi dilakukan sesuai pedoman yang ditetapkan. Pertama, wawancara kognitif pada 10 partisipan untuk mengevaluasi kemudahan pemahanan dan penerimaan NVS. Setelah itu, pengumpulan data kuantitatif melalui survey daring (n=379) untuk melihat nilai reliabilitas antar-item, validitas konstruk NVS terhadap domain fungsional HLS-EU-Q16, serta statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adaptasi alat ukur yang baik dengan nilai reliabilitas antar-item pertanyaan NVS yang cukup (Cronbach’s Alpha=0.60), dan memiliki asosiasi positif dengan domain fungsional dari Health Literacy Scale (HLS-EU-Q16) seperti yang diharapkan (r=0.167, p lebih kecil 0.01). Skor rata-rata dari 6 butir pertanyaan NVS adalah 2.48 (SD=1.40) yang menunjukkan literasi gizi mahasiswa terbatas. Simpulannya, NVS versi adaptasi ini baik dan layak digunakan untuk menilai literasi gizi dan dianggap sebagai alternatif dalam mengidentifikasi fungsional literasi kesehatan. Penilaian literasi gizi menggunakan NVS dapat dijadikan sebagai fasilitator untuk pengembangan program intervensi terkait pemahaman seseorang dan keputusan makanan sehat sehari-hari.
References
1. Silk KJ, Sherry J, Winn B, Keesecker N, Horodynski MA, Sayir A. Increasing Nutrition Literacy:
Testing the Effectiveness of Print, Web site, and Game Modalities. J Nutr Educ Behav [Internet].
2008;40(1):3–10. Available from:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1499404607009761
2. Krause C, Sommerhalder K, Beer-Borst S, Abel T. Just a Subtle Difference? Findings from a
Systematic Review on Definitions of Nutrition Literacy and Food Literacy. Health Promot Int
[Internet]. 2016;33(3):378–89. Available from: https://remotelib.ui.ac.id:2189/heapro/article/33/3/378/2572039
3. Guttersrud O, Petterson KS. Young adolescents’ engagement in dietary behaviour - The impact of
gender, socio-economic status, self-efficacy and scientific literacy. Methodological aspects of
constructing measures in nutrition literacy research using the Rasch model. Public Health Nutr
[Internet]. 2015;18(14):2565–74. Available from: https://remotelib.ui.ac.id:2089/docview/1712280415?pq-origsite=summon
4. Carbone ET, Zoellner JM. Nutrition and health literacy: A systematic review to inform nutrition
research and practice. J Acad Nutr Diet [Internet]. 2012;112(2):254–65. Available from:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2011.08.042
5. Malloy-Weir L, Cooper M. Health literacy, literacy, numeracy and nutrition label understanding
and use: a scoping review of the literature. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2017;30(3):309–25.
6. Law QPS, Yau AHY, Chung JWY. Chinese adults’ nutrition label literacy in Hong Kong:
Implications for nurses. Nurs Heal Sci. 2019;21(2):171–7.
7. Taylor MK, Sullivan DK, Ellerbeck EF, Gajewski BJ, Gibbs HD. Nutrition literacy predicts
adherence to healthy/unhealthy diet patterns in adults with a nutrition-related chronic condition.
Public Health Nutr [Internet]. 2019/05/31. 2019;22(12):2157–69. Available from:
https://www.cambridge.org/core/article/nutrition-literacy-predicts-adherence-tohealthyunhealthy-diet-patterns-in-adults-with-a-nutritionrelated-chroniccondition/4CBFB360FB2EF297039F99AB4010E8BB
8. Amine EK, Baba NH, Belhadj M, Deurenberg-Yap M, Djazayery A, Forrestre T, et al. Diet,
nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases [Internet]. World Health Organization - Technical
Report Series. 2003. Available from:
https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/42665/WHO_TRS_916.pdf?sequence=1
9. Gibbs HD, Ellerbeck EF, Gajewski B, Zhang C, Sullivan DK. The Nutrition Literacy Assessment
Instrument is a Valid and Reliable Measure of Nutrition Literacy in Adults with Chronic Disease.
J Nutr Educ Behav [Internet]. 2018;50(3):247-257.e1. Available from:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2017.10.008
10. Berkman ND, Sheridan SL, Donahue KE, Halpern DJ, Viera A, Crotty K, et al. Health literacy
interventions and outcomes: an updated systematic review. Evidence Report/Technology
Assesment No. 199. Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep) [Internet]. 2011;(199):1–941. Available
from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23126607
11. Christoph MJ, An R, Ellison B. Correlates of nutrition label use among college students and
young adults: A review. Public Health Nutr [Internet]. 2016;19(12):2135–48. Available from:
https://remote-lib.ui.ac.id:2089/docview/1871742833?pq-origsite=summon
12. Velardo S. Nutrition Literacy for the Health Literate. J Nutr Educ Behav [Internet].
2017;49(2):183. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2016.07.018
13. Kalkan I. The impact of nutrition literacy on the food habits among young adults in turkey. Nutr
Res Pract [Internet]. 2019;13(4):352–7. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6669071/pdf/nrp-13-352.pdf
14. Miller JW, McKenna MC. World literacy: How countries rank and why it matters. 2016. 1–220 p.
15. Antimas N, Lestari H, Ismail C. Survei Faktor Risiko Penyakit Tidak Menular Pada Mahasiswa
Universitas Halu Oleo Tahun 2017. J Ilm Mhs Kesehat Masy Unsyiah [Internet].
2017;2(6):185720. Available from:
http://ojs.uho.ac.id/index.php/JIMKESMAS/article/viewFile/2878/2148
16. Weiss.D B, Z.Mays M, Martz W, Castro KM, Darren A.DeWalt, Michael P.Pignone, Joy
Mockbee and FAH. Quick Assessment of Literacy in Primary Care: The Newest Vitak Sign. Ann
Fam Med [Internet]. 2005;3(6):514–22. Available from: sign
17. Diamond JJ. Development of a reliable and construct valid measure of nutritional literacy in
adults. Nutr J [Internet]. 2007;6:1–5. Available from: http://remotelib.ui.ac.id:2181/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=1&sid=a81c3493-6c4d-401a-88f8-
0aaba8e98db3%40sdc-v-sessmgr02
18. Doustmohammadian A, Omidvar N, Keshavarz-Mohammadi N, Abdollahi M, Amini M, EiniZinab H. Developing and validating a scale to measure Food and Nutrition Literacy (FNLIT) in
elementary school children in Iran. PLoS One [Internet]. 2017;12(6):1–19. Available from:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179196
19. Sampaio HAC, Carioca AAF, Sabry SD, Sabry MOD, Pinto FJM, Ellery THP. Assessment of
nutrition literacy by two diagnostic methods in a Brazilian sample. Nutr Clin y Diet Hosp
[Internet]. 2014;34(1):50–5. Available from: https://revista.nutricion.org/PDF/ASSESSMENTO-
Penerbit : Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Muslim Indonesia 13
Window of Health : Jurnal Kesehatan, Vol. 04 No. 01 (Januari, 2021) : 1-14 E-ISSN 2614-5375
NUTRITION.pdf
20. Hubbard RC. The Newest Vital Sign, A Health Literacy Assessment Tool [Internet]. 2011.
Available from: https://pfe-pfizercomprod.s3.amazonaws.com/health/nvs_flipbook_english_final.pdf
21. Baker DW. The Meaning and The measure of Health Literacy. J Gen Intern Med.
2006;21(8):878–83.
22. Rowlands G, Khazaezadeh N, Oteng-Ntim E, Seed P, Barr S, Weiss BD. Development and
validation of a measure of health literacy in the UK: The newest vital sign. BMC Public Health
[Internet]. 2013;13(1):1. Available from: BMC Public Health
23. Kogure T, Sumitani M, Suka M, Ishikawa H, Odajima T, Igarashi A, et al. Validity and reliability
of the Japanese version of the newest vital sign: A preliminary study. PLoS One. 2014;9(4):1–7.
24. Rodrigues R, De Andrade SM, González AD, Birolim MM, Mesas AE. Cross-cultural adaptation
and validation of the Newest Vital Sign (NVS) health literacy instrument in general population
and highly educated samples of Brazilian adults. Public Health Nutr. 2017;20(11):1907–13.
25. Law, Queenie; Yau, Alice; RN J. Chinese adults’ nutrition label literacy in Hong Kong:
Implications for nurses. Nurs Heal Sci. 2019;21(2):171–7.
26. Mansfield ED, Wahba R, Gillis DE, Weiss BD, L’Abbé M. Canadian adaptation of the newest
vital sign©, a health literacy assessment tool. Cambridge Archaeol J. 2018;21(11):2038–45.
27. Beaton D, Bombardier C, Guillemin F, Ferraz MB. Recommendations for the Cross-Cultural
Adaptation of the DASH & Outcome Measures. Inst Work Heal [Internet]. 2007;45. Available
from: http://www.dash.iwh.on.ca/sites/dash/files/downloads/cross_cultural_adaptation_2007.pdf
28. Sørensen K, Van Den Broucke S, Pelikan JM, Fullam J, Doyle G, Slonska Z, et al. Measuring
health literacy in populations: Illuminating the design and development process of the European
Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q). BMC Public Health [Internet]. 2013;13(1).
Available from: https://remote-lib.ui.ac.id:2089/docview/1446675136?pq-origsite=summon
28. Zoellner J, Connell C, Bounds W, Crook LS, Yadrick K. Nutrition literacy status and preferred
nutrition communication channels among adults in the lower Mississippi Delta. Prev Chronic Dis
[Internet]. 2009;6(4). Available from: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Nutrition-LiteracyStatus-and-Preferred-Nutrition-Zoellner-Connell/974c6e706a24383eb6c0ddc186a4a87da747e57d
29. Duong T V., Aringazina A, Baisunova G, Nurjanah, Pham T V., Pham KM, et al. Measuring
health literacy in Asia: Validation of the HLS-EU-Q47 survey tool in six Asian countries. J
Epidemiol. 2017;27(2):80–6.
30. Weiss BD, Mays MZ, Martz W, Castro KM, DeWalt DA, Pignone MP, et al. Quick assessment
of literacy in primary care: The newest vital sign. Ann Fam Med. 2005;3(6):514–22.
31. Krause C, Sommerhalder K, Beer-Borst S, Abel T. Just a subtle difference? Findings from a
systematic review on definitions of nutrition literacy and food literacy. Health Promot Int.
2016;33(3):378–89.
32. Lee CK, Liao LL, Lai IJ, Chang LC. Effects of a healthy-eater self-schema and nutrition literacy
on healthy-eating behaviors among Taiwanese college students. Health Promot Int [Internet].
2019;34(2):269–76. Available from: https://remote-lib.ui.ac.id:2116/10.1093/heapro/dax080
33. Mansfield ED, Wahba R, Gillis DE, Weiss BD, L’Abbé M. Canadian adaptation of the Newest
Vital Sign ©
, a health literacy assessment tool. Public Health Nutr [Internet]. 2018 Aug 25 [cited
2020 Mar 5];21(11):2038–45. Available from:
https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1368980018000253/type/journal_article
34. Rowlands G, Khazaezadeh N, Oteng-Ntim E, Seed P, Barr S, Weiss BD. Development and
validation of a measure of health literacy in the UK: The newest vital sign. BMC Public Health.
2013;13(1):9–14.
35. Velardo S. The Nuances of Health Literacy, Nutrition Literacy, and Food Literacy. J Nutr Educ
Behav [Internet]. 2015;47(4):385-389.e1. Available from:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2015.04.328
36. Nutbeam D. Health literacy as A Public Health Goal: a Challenge for Contemporary Health
Education and Communication Strategies into the 21st Century. Health Promot Int [Internet].
2000;15(3):259–67. Available from: https://remotelib.ui.ac.id:2189/heapro/article/15/3/259/55110
Testing the Effectiveness of Print, Web site, and Game Modalities. J Nutr Educ Behav [Internet].
2008;40(1):3–10. Available from:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1499404607009761
2. Krause C, Sommerhalder K, Beer-Borst S, Abel T. Just a Subtle Difference? Findings from a
Systematic Review on Definitions of Nutrition Literacy and Food Literacy. Health Promot Int
[Internet]. 2016;33(3):378–89. Available from: https://remotelib.ui.ac.id:2189/heapro/article/33/3/378/2572039
3. Guttersrud O, Petterson KS. Young adolescents’ engagement in dietary behaviour - The impact of
gender, socio-economic status, self-efficacy and scientific literacy. Methodological aspects of
constructing measures in nutrition literacy research using the Rasch model. Public Health Nutr
[Internet]. 2015;18(14):2565–74. Available from: https://remotelib.ui.ac.id:2089/docview/1712280415?pq-origsite=summon
4. Carbone ET, Zoellner JM. Nutrition and health literacy: A systematic review to inform nutrition
research and practice. J Acad Nutr Diet [Internet]. 2012;112(2):254–65. Available from:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2011.08.042
5. Malloy-Weir L, Cooper M. Health literacy, literacy, numeracy and nutrition label understanding
and use: a scoping review of the literature. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2017;30(3):309–25.
6. Law QPS, Yau AHY, Chung JWY. Chinese adults’ nutrition label literacy in Hong Kong:
Implications for nurses. Nurs Heal Sci. 2019;21(2):171–7.
7. Taylor MK, Sullivan DK, Ellerbeck EF, Gajewski BJ, Gibbs HD. Nutrition literacy predicts
adherence to healthy/unhealthy diet patterns in adults with a nutrition-related chronic condition.
Public Health Nutr [Internet]. 2019/05/31. 2019;22(12):2157–69. Available from:
https://www.cambridge.org/core/article/nutrition-literacy-predicts-adherence-tohealthyunhealthy-diet-patterns-in-adults-with-a-nutritionrelated-chroniccondition/4CBFB360FB2EF297039F99AB4010E8BB
8. Amine EK, Baba NH, Belhadj M, Deurenberg-Yap M, Djazayery A, Forrestre T, et al. Diet,
nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases [Internet]. World Health Organization - Technical
Report Series. 2003. Available from:
https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/42665/WHO_TRS_916.pdf?sequence=1
9. Gibbs HD, Ellerbeck EF, Gajewski B, Zhang C, Sullivan DK. The Nutrition Literacy Assessment
Instrument is a Valid and Reliable Measure of Nutrition Literacy in Adults with Chronic Disease.
J Nutr Educ Behav [Internet]. 2018;50(3):247-257.e1. Available from:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2017.10.008
10. Berkman ND, Sheridan SL, Donahue KE, Halpern DJ, Viera A, Crotty K, et al. Health literacy
interventions and outcomes: an updated systematic review. Evidence Report/Technology
Assesment No. 199. Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep) [Internet]. 2011;(199):1–941. Available
from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23126607
11. Christoph MJ, An R, Ellison B. Correlates of nutrition label use among college students and
young adults: A review. Public Health Nutr [Internet]. 2016;19(12):2135–48. Available from:
https://remote-lib.ui.ac.id:2089/docview/1871742833?pq-origsite=summon
12. Velardo S. Nutrition Literacy for the Health Literate. J Nutr Educ Behav [Internet].
2017;49(2):183. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2016.07.018
13. Kalkan I. The impact of nutrition literacy on the food habits among young adults in turkey. Nutr
Res Pract [Internet]. 2019;13(4):352–7. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6669071/pdf/nrp-13-352.pdf
14. Miller JW, McKenna MC. World literacy: How countries rank and why it matters. 2016. 1–220 p.
15. Antimas N, Lestari H, Ismail C. Survei Faktor Risiko Penyakit Tidak Menular Pada Mahasiswa
Universitas Halu Oleo Tahun 2017. J Ilm Mhs Kesehat Masy Unsyiah [Internet].
2017;2(6):185720. Available from:
http://ojs.uho.ac.id/index.php/JIMKESMAS/article/viewFile/2878/2148
16. Weiss.D B, Z.Mays M, Martz W, Castro KM, Darren A.DeWalt, Michael P.Pignone, Joy
Mockbee and FAH. Quick Assessment of Literacy in Primary Care: The Newest Vitak Sign. Ann
Fam Med [Internet]. 2005;3(6):514–22. Available from: sign
17. Diamond JJ. Development of a reliable and construct valid measure of nutritional literacy in
adults. Nutr J [Internet]. 2007;6:1–5. Available from: http://remotelib.ui.ac.id:2181/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=1&sid=a81c3493-6c4d-401a-88f8-
0aaba8e98db3%40sdc-v-sessmgr02
18. Doustmohammadian A, Omidvar N, Keshavarz-Mohammadi N, Abdollahi M, Amini M, EiniZinab H. Developing and validating a scale to measure Food and Nutrition Literacy (FNLIT) in
elementary school children in Iran. PLoS One [Internet]. 2017;12(6):1–19. Available from:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179196
19. Sampaio HAC, Carioca AAF, Sabry SD, Sabry MOD, Pinto FJM, Ellery THP. Assessment of
nutrition literacy by two diagnostic methods in a Brazilian sample. Nutr Clin y Diet Hosp
[Internet]. 2014;34(1):50–5. Available from: https://revista.nutricion.org/PDF/ASSESSMENTO-
Penerbit : Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Muslim Indonesia 13
Window of Health : Jurnal Kesehatan, Vol. 04 No. 01 (Januari, 2021) : 1-14 E-ISSN 2614-5375
NUTRITION.pdf
20. Hubbard RC. The Newest Vital Sign, A Health Literacy Assessment Tool [Internet]. 2011.
Available from: https://pfe-pfizercomprod.s3.amazonaws.com/health/nvs_flipbook_english_final.pdf
21. Baker DW. The Meaning and The measure of Health Literacy. J Gen Intern Med.
2006;21(8):878–83.
22. Rowlands G, Khazaezadeh N, Oteng-Ntim E, Seed P, Barr S, Weiss BD. Development and
validation of a measure of health literacy in the UK: The newest vital sign. BMC Public Health
[Internet]. 2013;13(1):1. Available from: BMC Public Health
23. Kogure T, Sumitani M, Suka M, Ishikawa H, Odajima T, Igarashi A, et al. Validity and reliability
of the Japanese version of the newest vital sign: A preliminary study. PLoS One. 2014;9(4):1–7.
24. Rodrigues R, De Andrade SM, González AD, Birolim MM, Mesas AE. Cross-cultural adaptation
and validation of the Newest Vital Sign (NVS) health literacy instrument in general population
and highly educated samples of Brazilian adults. Public Health Nutr. 2017;20(11):1907–13.
25. Law, Queenie; Yau, Alice; RN J. Chinese adults’ nutrition label literacy in Hong Kong:
Implications for nurses. Nurs Heal Sci. 2019;21(2):171–7.
26. Mansfield ED, Wahba R, Gillis DE, Weiss BD, L’Abbé M. Canadian adaptation of the newest
vital sign©, a health literacy assessment tool. Cambridge Archaeol J. 2018;21(11):2038–45.
27. Beaton D, Bombardier C, Guillemin F, Ferraz MB. Recommendations for the Cross-Cultural
Adaptation of the DASH & Outcome Measures. Inst Work Heal [Internet]. 2007;45. Available
from: http://www.dash.iwh.on.ca/sites/dash/files/downloads/cross_cultural_adaptation_2007.pdf
28. Sørensen K, Van Den Broucke S, Pelikan JM, Fullam J, Doyle G, Slonska Z, et al. Measuring
health literacy in populations: Illuminating the design and development process of the European
Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q). BMC Public Health [Internet]. 2013;13(1).
Available from: https://remote-lib.ui.ac.id:2089/docview/1446675136?pq-origsite=summon
28. Zoellner J, Connell C, Bounds W, Crook LS, Yadrick K. Nutrition literacy status and preferred
nutrition communication channels among adults in the lower Mississippi Delta. Prev Chronic Dis
[Internet]. 2009;6(4). Available from: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Nutrition-LiteracyStatus-and-Preferred-Nutrition-Zoellner-Connell/974c6e706a24383eb6c0ddc186a4a87da747e57d
29. Duong T V., Aringazina A, Baisunova G, Nurjanah, Pham T V., Pham KM, et al. Measuring
health literacy in Asia: Validation of the HLS-EU-Q47 survey tool in six Asian countries. J
Epidemiol. 2017;27(2):80–6.
30. Weiss BD, Mays MZ, Martz W, Castro KM, DeWalt DA, Pignone MP, et al. Quick assessment
of literacy in primary care: The newest vital sign. Ann Fam Med. 2005;3(6):514–22.
31. Krause C, Sommerhalder K, Beer-Borst S, Abel T. Just a subtle difference? Findings from a
systematic review on definitions of nutrition literacy and food literacy. Health Promot Int.
2016;33(3):378–89.
32. Lee CK, Liao LL, Lai IJ, Chang LC. Effects of a healthy-eater self-schema and nutrition literacy
on healthy-eating behaviors among Taiwanese college students. Health Promot Int [Internet].
2019;34(2):269–76. Available from: https://remote-lib.ui.ac.id:2116/10.1093/heapro/dax080
33. Mansfield ED, Wahba R, Gillis DE, Weiss BD, L’Abbé M. Canadian adaptation of the Newest
Vital Sign ©
, a health literacy assessment tool. Public Health Nutr [Internet]. 2018 Aug 25 [cited
2020 Mar 5];21(11):2038–45. Available from:
https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1368980018000253/type/journal_article
34. Rowlands G, Khazaezadeh N, Oteng-Ntim E, Seed P, Barr S, Weiss BD. Development and
validation of a measure of health literacy in the UK: The newest vital sign. BMC Public Health.
2013;13(1):9–14.
35. Velardo S. The Nuances of Health Literacy, Nutrition Literacy, and Food Literacy. J Nutr Educ
Behav [Internet]. 2015;47(4):385-389.e1. Available from:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2015.04.328
36. Nutbeam D. Health literacy as A Public Health Goal: a Challenge for Contemporary Health
Education and Communication Strategies into the 21st Century. Health Promot Int [Internet].
2000;15(3):259–67. Available from: https://remotelib.ui.ac.id:2189/heapro/article/15/3/259/55110
Published
2021-01-25
How to Cite
1.
Andriani WOS, Anshari D, Fitirani Y, Sopamena Y, Pontambing YS. Adaptasi Alat Ukur Literasi Gizi untuk Mahasiswa Tahun Pertama . woh [Internet]. 2021Jan.25 [cited 2024Dec.25];4(1):1-14. Available from: http://103.133.36.92/index.php/woh/article/view/258
Section
Articles
