Data-Based Evidence on the Causality Model of Social Stigma on Medication Compliance in Leprosy Patients in Bone District, Indonesia

Bs. Titi Haerana; Mariani; Rismawati Aulia Insani Sadarang; Emmi Bujawati; Yudi Adnan; Nurdiyanah Syarifuddin

doi:10.33096/woh.v8i2.2604

Bs. Titi Haerana Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Alauddin Makassar
Mariani Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Alauddin, Makassar
Rismawati Aulia Insani Sadarang Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Alauddin, Makassar
Emmi Bujawati Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Alauddin, Makassar
Yudi Adnan Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Alauddin, Makassar
Nurdiyanah Syarifuddin School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Australia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33096/woh.v8i2.2604

Keywords: Compliance; medication; leprosy; societal stigma

Abstract

Leprosy is an infectious disease and can cause stigma from society. One thing that is important to do to reduce the stigma felt by leprosy sufferers is to obediently take medication. This study aims to determine the relationship between stigma and adherence to taking medication on covariate variables in leprosy patients in Bone Regency. This quantitative study uses an observational analytical approach and a cross-sectional study. The analysis used was multivariate analysis with a causality model. The number of samples in this study was 92 respondents, taken using simple random sampling. The results of this study show that stigma in leprosy patients in Bone Regency is significantly related (ORa = 1.022, 95% CI = 0.306-3.416) to adherence to taking medication, which means 1.022 times more likely to experience non-adherence in taking medication, controlling for gender and side effects of medication. There needs to be preventive efforts through early detection and health education related to leprosy given to patients, the patient's family, and the community, so that it can reduce the stigma experienced by patients and increase compliance with taking medication.

References

Fitriya I, Rahayu U, Sunarko B, Kesehatan J, Poltekkes L, Surabaya K, et al. Hubungan Kondisi Fisik Rumah, Personal Hygiene Dengan Kejadian Kusta Tahun 2020 (Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Talango, Kecamatan Talango, Kabupaten Sumenep). GEMA Lingkungan Kesehatan. 2021;19(01):22–8.

Wiyarni, Indanah, Suwarto. Hubungan Kepatuhan Minum Obat Kusta Dan Dukungan Keluarga Dengan Kecacatan Pada Penderita Kusta Di Kabupaten Kudus. Indonesia Jurnal Kebidanan. 2020;4(2):25–31.

Silatham Sermrittirong WHVB. Stigma in leprosy: concepts, causes and determinants - PubMed [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2025 Apr 20]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24974441/

World Health Organization. Leprosy (Hansen disease) [Internet]. [cited 2025 Apr 20]. Available from: https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/topic-details/GHO/leprosy

Kementerian Kesehatan Indonesia. Annual Report Leprosy Control Program 2022. 2022. https://p2p.kemkes.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/FINAL_231123_Layout_Kusta_Bahasa-Inggris.pdf

Kementerian Kesehatan Indonesia. Profil Kesehatan Indonesia 2022.

Andriani E, Khotimah H, Supriyadi B. Dukungan Keluarga Dalam Kepatuhan Pengobatan Pada Penderita Kusta. Community of Publishing in Nursing (COPING). 2019;7(2):75–80.

Timu Y, Tira DS, Nur ML. Analysis of Internal and External Factors Related to Compliance with Drug Drinking in Patients Leprosy in Kupang City. J Community Health. 2021;3(2):54–61.

Akbari H, Mohammadi M, Hosseini A. Disease-Related Stigma, Stigmatizers, Causes, and Consequences: A Systematic Review [Internet]. Vol. 52, Iran J Public Health. 2023. Available from: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

Susanti IA, Mahardita NGP, Alfianto R, Sujana IMIWC, Siswoyo, Susanto T. Social stigma, adherence to medication and motivation for healing: A cross-sectional study of leprosy patients at Jember Public Health Center, Indonesia. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2018 Feb 1;13(1):97–102.

Indonesia Health Department. Pedoman Nasional Program Pengendalian Penyakit Kusta. Jakarta: Bakti Husada; 2012.

Towards zero leprosy. Global leprosy (‎Hansen’s Disease)‎ strategy 2021–2030 [Internet]. [cited 2025 Apr 20]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789290228509

Akbari H MMHA. A Scientometric Perspective on Stigma Research in Medicine: A Bibliometric Review - PMC [Internet]. 2025 [cited 2025 Apr 20]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11992910/

Hannan M, Hidayat S, Sandi M nirmala. Stigma Masyarakat Terhadap Penderita Kusta di Kecamatan Batuputih Sumenep. Wiraraja Medika : Jurnal Kesehatan. 2021;11(2).

Christian Pepito VF, Maever Loreche A, Erica Samontina RD, Jane Abdon SA, Norman Fuentes DL, Saniel OP. Factors affecting treatment adherence among leprosy patients: Perceptions of healthcare providers. Heliyon [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2025 Apr 20];9:e17975. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17975

Fatmala KA. Analysis of Factors Related with Compliance Taking Medicine of Leprosy in District Pragaan. Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi. 2016;4(1):13–24.

Lusli M, Peters R, van Brakel W, Zweekhorst M, Iancu S, Bunders J, et al. The Impact of a Rights-Based Counselling Intervention to Reduce Stigma in People Affected by Leprosy in Indonesia. 2016 [cited 2025 Apr 20]; Available from: http://leprosyrelief.org/

Adhikari B, Kaehler N, Chapman RS, Raut S, Roche P. Factors Affecting Perceived Stigma in Leprosy Affected Persons in Western Nepal. [cited 2025 Apr 20]; Available from: www.plosntds.org

Fahri A, Muhaimin T, Anwar S. Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kepatuhan Pada Penderita Kusta Di Wilayah Kecamatan Pragaan Dan Lenteng Kabupaten Sumenep Madura. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan. 2020;12(1):95–104.

Apri A, Suki F, Pakan PD, Kartikahadi AD. Analisis Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kepatuhan Minum Obat Pada Penderita Kusta Di Kota Kupang Tahun 2017. 2018;15(1):304–16.

Zakiyyah NR, Budiono I, Zainafree I. Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Tingkat Kepatuhan Minum Obat Penderita Kusta Di Kabupaten Brebes. Unnes Journal of Public Health. 2015;2(3):58–66.

Afifah N. Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Drop Out Pengobatan Penderita Kusta Tipe MB. Unnes Journal of Public Health. 2014;3(2):1–11.

Apri A, Suki F, Pakan PD, Kartikahadi AD. Analisis Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kepatuhan Minum Obat Pada Penderita Kusta Di Kota Kupang Tahun 2017. Cendana Medical Journal. 2018;15(1):304–16.

Retna P T, Suudi, Riyanto S. Kepatuhan Minum Obat Multi Drug Therapy Dan Kesembuhan Pada Klein Kusta Tipe Multi Bacillary Di Puskesmas Jenu, Kabupaten Tuban. Jurnal Keperawatan. 2018;11(1):1–6.

Pescarini JM, Williamson E, Nery JS, Ramond A, Ichihara MY, Fiaccone RL, et al. Effect of a conditional cash transfer programme on leprosy treatment adherence and cure in patients from the nationwide 100 Million Brazilian Cohort : a quasi-experimental study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;20(5):618–27.

Adolfina T, Rante TJ, Tiku PM, Turena I, Julianty, Iksan Ricky Riyanto. Hubungan Pengetahuan Dan Self Efikasi Dengan Kepatuhan Minum Obat Multi Drugs Therapy (MDT) Penderita Kusta Di Puskesmas Timika Kabupaten Mimika. Mahesa: Malahayati Health Student Journal. 2023;3:282–97.

Giantoro M. Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Tingkat Kepatuhan Minum Obat Penderita Kusta di Puskesmas Pasir Panjang dan Puskesmas Alak di Kota Kupang, Indonesia. Cdk-276. 2019;46(5):359–62.

Ama PGB. Ketidakteraturan Minum Obat Mdt Pada Penderita Kusta Di Rumah Sakit Kusta Dr. Sitanala, Tangerang-Banten. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan. 2018;10:110–8.

Diliyana YF. Hubungan Dukungan Keluarga Dengan Kepatuhan Penderita Kusta Dalam Menjalani Pengobatan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sine, Kabupaten Ngawi. Tunas-Tunas Riset Kesehatan. 2019;9(1):190–5.

Anshori F, Azizah U, Kusyani A. Hubungan Dukungan Keluarga Dengan Kepatuhan Minum Obat Pada Penderita Kusta Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Pragaan Sumenep. Journal Well Being. 2016;1(1):40–8.